ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND BIOMASS EFFICIENCY OF IN VITRO-PROPAGATED TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.) UNDER HYDROPONIC ACCLIMATIZATION

Abstract

Acclimatization remains a major bottleneck in the micropropagation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) due to the physiological vulnerability of in vitro-derived plantlets during the transition to ex vitro conditions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of seaweed extract (SWE) as a biostimulant in a hydroponic acclimatization system to enhance root system architecture (RSA), biomass efficiency, and plant survival. Supplementation of the nutrient solution with 1.00 mL L⁻¹ SWE significantly promoted root proliferation, root elongation, and total biomass accumulation compared with the control treatment. Improved root development translated into greater biomass efficiency, indicating enhanced plant vigor during acclimatization. Furthermore, all treatments achieved a 100% survival rate, demonstrating the suitability of the hydroponic system for supporting the establishment of in vitro-propagated turmeric. These findings suggest that SWE-enriched hydroponic acclimatization provides an effective strategy for improving early plant growth, root development, and biomass production, thereby facilitating the successful transition of micropropagated turmeric plantlets to ex vitro conditions.