PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT CROPS DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL NON-CHERNOZEM REGION

Abstract

Photosynthesis plays an essential role in plants to produce their own food which acts as a source of energy for growth, cell development and the formation of cellular structures. Therefore, the search for mechanisms to manage the production process is an important task, the solution of which will allow improving technological methods of cultivation to obtain high yields. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of various elements of cultivation technology on plant photosynthesis and winter wheat yield. The objects of research were winter wheat crops of Nemchinovka 85, Moskovskaya 27 and Moskovskaya 40 varieties. Results: depending on the varieties and technologies, the net productivity of photosynthesis of wheat crops showed fluctuations from 3.7 to 6.6 million g/m² day. As technology intensity increased, net photosynthetic productivity (NPP) increased. The article presents the results of the evaluation of the photosynthetic activity of new winter wheat varieties studied.  The highest NPP under the conditions of the year was noted for the Moskovskaya 27 variety. According to intensive technology, the indicator was 6.3 million g/m² day, for high-intensity technology - 6.6 million g/m² day. For the Nemchinovskaya 85 variety, the current indicator was lower on average by 4.6, the variants by 4.3–5.7 with intensive and high-intensity technologies, respectively. The new varieties have high rates of net photosynthesis productivity, photosynthetic potential, and high production potential. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of various cultivation technologies on photosynthesis in plants and the yield of winter wheat crops of new varieties of selection of the Technological Center for Agriculture of the Federal Research Center, Federal Research Center "Nemchinovka" were revealed. The correlation between the leaf area index, photosynthesis, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic productivity and yield of winter wheat plants for these varieties was determined.